Is there a way to start the program again after the circuit breaker trips without having to start all over again?
You’re kind of stuck.
Once you get powered back on, you’ll have to re-home - and then I’d re-zero to the workpiece. Some folks have taken screen-shots of their settings once the zero to the workpiece and set zero back to the same spot (at least within tolerances of the homing). Then you can either re-run the same file - or, it is possible to hand-edit the g-code file to remove lines to get to the point where the power went out. The only trick is figuring out how far into the file you made it.
For smaller files, just start over. For a big 3-d carve where that might be hours, pulling lines out of the g-code file might make more sense.