I’d call it the jog controls, you can use them to move the axis in a direction the specified distance selected below (0.005" 0.05" 0.5" 5"). Y+ will move the gantry towards the back, Y- will move the gantry towards the front, X- will move the spindle left, X+ will move the spindle to the right, Z+ will move the spindle up, Z- will move the spindle down.
The arrows move it diagonally, the target in the middle moves it to X,Y work zero, the Z0 moves the spindle to Z0